Thermal Analysis / Thermogravimetry (ATD, TG and DSC)

The thermal analysis is based on the measurement of a physical property of the sample when it is subjected to controlled heating. So, depending on the property measure we have:
• Thermogravimetry (TG) is the technique by which the weight of a sample is measured continuously, as the temperature increases or decreases. In the graphs (TG) the weight is represented in mg, g or% versus temperature, sometimes the time is represented instead of the temperature (isothermal diagrams). These data can also be expressed by means of the first derivative of the TG curve as a function of temperature or time (DTG). This curve represents dW / dT, that is, the speed of variation of the weight with respect to the temperature.
• Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a technique in which the temperature difference (ΔT) between a sample and an inert reference material is measured in the temperature range considered, as a function of temperature, the sample being subjected to to a controlled heating program. It indicates the exothermic and endothermic processes that take place in the sample. It measures the enthalpy changes that take place in a sample when it is heated under certain conditions.
• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a technique that continuously measures, in a temperature range, the energy that it is necessary to supply to the sample to maintain it at the same temperature as the reference sample. This register of heat flow provides a measure of the amount of energy absorbed or released in a given transition.